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1991
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91_1657a
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NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being
done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The
syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared
by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United ______
States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.______ ___________________
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
Syllabus
LEATHERMAN ET AL. v. TARRANT COUNTY NARCOTICS INTELLIGENCE AND COORDINATION UNIT ____
ET AL.
CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 91-1657. Argued January 12, 1993 - Decided March 3, 1993
Petitioner homeowners filed suit under 42 U. S. C. S1983 against respondents -
local officials acting in their official capacity, a county, and two municipal
corporations - alleging that the conduct of local police officers in searching
their homes for narcotics violated the Fourth Amendment, and asserting that
the basis for municipal liability was the failure adequately to train the
police officers involved. The Federal District Court dismissed the complaints
because they failed to meet the "heightened pleading standard" adopted by the
Court of Appeals, which requires that complaints against municipal
corporations in S1983 cases state with factual detail and particularity the
basis for the claim. The Court of Appeals affirmed.
Held: A federal court may not apply a ``heightened pleading standard'' - more_____
stringent than the usual pleading requirements of Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 8(a) - in civil rights cases alleging municipal liability under
S1983. First, the heightened standard cannot be justified on the ground that
a more relaxed pleading standard would eviscerate municipalities' immunity
from suit by subjecting them to expensive and time-consuming discovery in
every S1983 case. Municipalities, although free from respondeat superior ___________________
liability under S1983, see Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services, ______ _______________________________________
436 U. S. 658, do not enjoy absolute or qualified immunity from S1983 suits,
id., at 701; Owen v. City of Independence, 445 U. S. 622, 650. Second, it is ____ ____ _____________________
not possible to square the heightened standard applied in this case with the
liberal system of ``notice pleading'' set up by the Federal Rules. Rule
8(a)(2) requires that a complaint include
I II LEATHERMAN v. TARRANT CTY. NARCOTICS UNIT ____
Syllabus
only ``a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is
entitled to relief.'' And while Rule 9(b) requires greater particularity in
pleading certain actions, it does not include among the enumerated actions any
reference to complaints alleging municipal liability under S1983. Pp. 2-5.
954 F. 2d 1054, reversed and remanded.
REHNQUIST, C. J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.